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“紧凑城市”是指以防止城市蔓延、实现土地与能源的节约利用、提高城市运行效率为目的,具有高居住密度、少依赖机动车、土地混合利用等特征的城市空间发展模式。在界定紧凑城市内涵的基础上,构建了城市紧凑度的三维目标空间综合测度指标体系及测度模型,对北京市规模紧凑度、功能紧凑度、形态紧凑度及空间综合紧凑度进行了测度分析,进而探讨了城市紧凑度的空间演变规律,提出了提高北京市空间紧凑度的对策建议。研究成果有三点,一是北京市空间利用紧凑度呈现“中心—外围”递减特征,以中心的西城区和东城区为中心,其空间紧凑度最高,外围朝阳区、海淀区、石景山区以及丰台区的空间紧凑度逐渐递减,其他郊区(郊县)等空间紧凑度最低;二是空间紧凑度与地形分布具有明显的相关性,高紧凑度的单元大部分位于平原地区,而低紧凑度的单元大部分位于山地地区;其中东部地区的空间紧凑度高于西部,南部高于北部;三是空间紧凑度与经济发展水平及规模密度呈正相关性。
“Compact City ” refers to the urban spatial development model with the features of high residential density, less dependence on motor vehicles and mixed utilization of land, in order to prevent the spread of cities, realize the economical use of land and energy, and improve the urban operation efficiency. On the basis of defining the connotation of compact city, this paper constructs an index system and measurement model of urban compactness, and analyzes the scale compactness, compactness, compactness and space compactness in Beijing. Then it explores the spatial evolution of urban compactness and puts forward countermeasures to improve the space compactness in Beijing. The results of the research are as follows: First, the compactness of Beijing’s space utilization presents the “center-periphery” decreasing characteristics. Centered around Xicheng District and Dongcheng District, the spatial compactness of Beijing is the highest. In the periphery of Chaoyang District, Haidian District and Shijingshan District And Fengtai District, the spatial compactness gradually diminished, the other suburbs (suburbs) and other space compactness minimum; Second, the spatial compactness and terrain distribution has obvious correlation, high compact unit mostly located in the plains, and low compact Most of the degree units are located in the mountainous area. Among them, the spatial compactness in the east is higher than that in the west and the south is higher than the north. Third, the spatial compactness is positively correlated with the level of economic development and the scale density.