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英国工业革命是英国历史和世界历史上具有划时代意义的重大事件。涉及这一事件的许多问题,一直为世界各国历史学家所关注。其中关于工业革命期间英国工人的生活标准问题的讨论就是这样一个问题。这一问题不再仅仅是阶级立场、意识形态的问题或所谓“情结”问题。而是一个既为历史学、政治学、经济学又为社会学、法学、环境学甚至生物学等学科所关注的一个重要的研究课题,更是目前第三世界国家现代化建设中可以借鉴其经验和教训的现实问题。对这一问题的研究不应仅仅停留在马克思、恩格斯研究的成果上止步不前,而应在前人研究的基础上并借鉴西方最新成果,继续深入探讨。本文拟分别从经济学、社会学的角度对英国工业革命期间工人的生活水平问题作一些考察和分析,并就此提出些拙见以求教于前辈和同行。
The British Industrial Revolution is a landmark event in British history and in the history of the world. Many issues concerning this incident have always been of concern to historians of various countries in the world. The discussion of the standard of living of British workers during the Industrial Revolution was such a question. This issue is no longer merely a matter of class position, ideology or so-called “complex” issues. It is an important research subject that is not only the focus of history, politics and economics but also sociology, law, environment and even biology, etc. It is also an experience that can be drawn from the experience of modernization in the Third World And the reality of the lesson. The research on this issue should not only stop on the achievements of Marx and Engels’ research, but on the basis of the previous studies and on the basis of the latest achievements of the West, and continue the in-depth discussion. This article intends to make some observations and analyzes on the living standards of workers during the British Industrial Revolution respectively from the perspectives of economics and sociology, and to make some humble suggestions in this regard for seeking advice from their predecessors and peers.