泌尿外科医师都有较深刻的体会,临床上常遇到的部分或完全的肾鹿角石,是最难处理的一种泌尿系疾病。这种结石双侧性发生率很高,并常伴有感染。过去一般是在患者全身情况允许之下,要施行极为复杂的剖肾取石术,肾部分切除术或离体肾取石术等难度较高的开放性手术。术后结石的复发率都很高,有一部分患者甚至要做肾切除术。对双侧性和孤立肾鹿角石的处理,更感到束手无策。八十年代随着腔道泌尿外科(Endo-Urology)技术和体外震波碎石术(ESWL)的发展,近年来泌尿系结石的处理,已发生了极大的变化。适当的、合理的使用这两种方法,单用或合并使用均减少了开放性手术的处理。开放性手术能避免到何种程度,主要取决于各种治疗方法的掌握, Urologists have a more profound experience, clinically encountered part or complete kidney antler, is the most difficult to deal with a urinary tract disease. The high incidence of bilateral stones, and often accompanied by infection. The past is generally under the conditions of the patient’s body, to carry out a very complicated open nephrolithotomy, partial nephrectomy or renal lithotomy and other difficult open surgery. Postoperative stone recurrence rate is high, some patients even have to do nephrectomy. Bilateral and isolated kidney antlers stone treatment, but feel helpless. In the 1980s With the development of Endo-Urology and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), the treatment of urinary stones has undergone tremendous changes in recent years. Appropriate and reasonable use of these two methods, either alone or in combination, reduces the need for open surgery. Open surgery can be avoided to what extent, mainly depends on the mastery of various treatment methods,