概率是高考的重点内容之一,尤其是新增的随机变量这部分内容。如何实现概率有效教学成为数学教师亟待解决的问题。本文根据笔者多年的教学实践,结合学生作业和考试中典型错误的分析研究,提出了若干完善教学的对策以提高概率教学的有效性。一、学生在作业和考试中常有的典型错误(一)知识性错误以往学生做接触的数学大都是确定性的,而教师 Probability is one of the key elements of the college entrance examination, especially the new random variables in this part. How to Realize Probabilistic and Effective Teaching has become an urgent problem to be solved by mathematics teachers. Based on the author’s years of teaching practice, combined with the analysis and analysis of typical errors in homework and examinations, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve teaching effectiveness in order to improve probability teaching. First, the typical errors that students often have in homework and exams (A) knowledge of errors Most of the past students to make contact with mathematics are deterministic, and teachers