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烤烟产质量是生态环境、栽培技术和遗传因素共同作用的结果,移栽期、施肥、品种分别是这三种因素的关键调控措施,为明确不同调控措施对烤烟的作用,协同优化烤烟管理措施,在云南玉溪的峨山和华宁县,采用移栽期、施肥、品种三因素正交试验,研究生态、栽培、遗传三因素综合作用下,移栽期、施肥、品种对烤烟产质量的影响。结果显示,在基于生态、栽培、品种协同调控下,移栽期对烤烟的影响最大,其对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为46.80%、64.75%、78.10%,提前移栽和常规移栽烤烟产质量显著高于延迟移栽;施肥对烤烟的影响次之,其对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为34.95%、20.15%、12.60%,综合考虑烟叶品质、产值及成本,75kg N/hm~2优于90、105kg N/hm~2;在移栽期、施肥共同作用下,烤烟品种K326、云烟87、NC71、红大的产质量差异不显著,品种对感官质量、产量、产值贡献率分别为18.25%、15.10%、9.30%。综合而言,确定合理的移栽期是生产优质烟叶的先决条件,施肥是调控烟叶产量和质量的核心技术问题,因此在保证烤烟正常生长的条件下,移栽宜早不宜迟,氮肥施用量宜低不宜高。云南烤烟以4月中下旬移栽、辅以75kg/hm~2施氮量情况下种植K326最优。
The quality of flue-cured tobacco is the result of ecological environment, cultivation techniques and genetic factors. Transplantation, fertilization and varieties are the key control measures of these three factors respectively. In order to clarify the effect of different control measures on flue-cured tobacco and to optimize the management measures of flue-cured tobacco The effects of transplanting, fertilizing and varieties on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied under the action of three factors of ecology, cultivation and heredity. The effects of three factors including transplanting period, fertilizing and cultivating were studied in Eshan and Huaning county, Yuxi, Yunnan. The results showed that under the synergistic regulation of ecology, cultivation and variety, the transplanting period had the greatest impact on flue-cured tobacco, and the contribution rates to the sensory quality, yield and value were 46.80%, 64.75% and 78.10%, respectively. The yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were significantly higher than that of delayed-transplanting. The effect of fertilization on flue-cured tobacco was second, and its contribution rate to sensory quality, yield and value were 34.95%, 20.15% and 12.60% respectively. Considering tobacco quality, output value and cost, N / hm ~ 2 was better than 90,105kg N / hm ~ 2. Under the combined effect of transplanting and fertilization, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco varieties K326, Yunyan87, NC71 and Hongda were not significantly different. , The contribution rate of output value is respectively 18.25%, 15.10% and 9.30%. Taken together, determining the proper transplanting period is a prerequisite for producing high quality tobacco leaves. Fertilization is the key technical issue of regulating the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, Low should not be high. Yunnan flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in late April and supplemented with 75kg / hm ~ 2 nitrogen application K326 planting the best.