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[目的]了解海口市市售鲜鱼、鱼干和鱼罐头中铅和镉的污染状况,对比污染的差异,分析造成差异的原因。[方法]于2005-2008年采集海口市超市和农贸市场的鱼干、鲜鱼和鱼罐头,共132份样品。按照《食品中铅的测定》(GB/T5009.12-2003)和《食品中镉的测定》(GB/T5009.15-2003)检测铅、镉的含量。样品的均数比较运用了方差分析。[结果]从检测结果看出铅、镉的污染水平由高到低依次为鱼干、鱼罐头和鲜鱼,经方差分析鱼干、鱼罐头和鲜鱼的污染结果差异有统计学意义。鱼及加工产品中铅和镉的含量分别为未检出-1.552mg/kg,0.001～0.058mg/kg,除3份鱼干中铅的含量超标外,其余均低于国家标准所规定的限值。[结论]海口市市售鱼及加工产品中铅和镉总体处于相对安全的范围,污染较轻,但有少量鱼干中的铅污染较严重;同品种,鲜鱼的检测范围较小,鱼干、鱼罐头的测量范围较大;不同品种的鱼及加工产品中铅和镉的差异较大;脱水、加工及外环境的污染对鱼干和鱼罐头的影响很大。
[Objective] To understand the pollution status of lead and cadmium in fresh canned fish, dried fish and canned fish in Haikou City, compare the difference of pollution and analyze the causes of the difference. [Method] In 2005-2008, 132 samples of dried fish, fresh fish and canned fish from Haikou Supermarket and Farmers’ Market were collected. In accordance with the “Determination of lead in food” (GB / T5009.12-2003) and “determination of cadmium in food” (GB / T5009.15-2003) detection of lead and cadmium content. Variance analysis was used to compare sample mean. [Result] The results showed that the pollution levels of lead and cadmium from high to low were as follows: dried fish, canned fish and fresh fish. The results of variance analysis showed that there was significant difference in the pollution results between dried fish, canned fish and fresh fish. The contents of lead and cadmium in fish and processed products were undetectable -1.552mg / kg and 0.001 ~ 0.058mg / kg, respectively, except the content of lead in 3 dried fish exceeded the limit of national standard value. [Conclusion] The lead and cadmium in commercial fish and processed products in Haikou City were generally in a relatively safe range with less pollution, but a small amount of lead in the dried fish was more polluted. The detection range of the same species and fresh fish was smaller. The measurement range of dried and canned fish is quite big. The differences of lead and cadmium in different varieties of fish and processed products are quite large. The dehydration, processing and external environment pollution have a great influence on dried fish and canned fish.