有老人的家庭常有这样的体验:老人因脑血管病、心肺功能不全、虚弱、骨折、痴呆等原因卧床不起后,一不小心就容易患上肺炎,使原有的疾病雪上加霜。老年人久卧在床容易导致肺炎的原因,主要为老年人在组织器官上发生了退行性病变,如:①上呼吸道黏膜及腺体萎缩,减弱了对吸入气体的加温湿化作用,从而损害下呼吸道的防御功能;②咽喉部淋巴腺萎缩,气道免疫功能减退,使呼吸道自我屏障功能减退;③呼吸肌肌力减退,使咳嗽无力,小气道狭窄并易塌陷,导致分泌物潴留;④咽喉部黏膜退化,感觉迟钝,吞咽反射随年 Families with elderly people often have this kind of experience. When the elderly are bedridden due to cerebrovascular disease, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, frailty, fracture, dementia and other reasons, they are vulnerable to pneumonia by accident and make the original disease worse. Elderly lying in bed easily lead to pneumonia, the main reason for the elderly in the tissues and organs of the degenerative diseases, such as: ① upper respiratory tract mucosa and gland atrophy, weakened the heating of the inhalation of gas heating and humidification, which Damage the lower respiratory tract defense function; ② throat lymph gland atrophy, airway immune dysfunction, so that respiratory self-function barrier decline; ③ muscle weakness, weakness cough, small airways narrow and easy to collapse, leading to retention of secretions; ④ mucosal degeneration of the throat, feeling insensitive, swallowing reflexes over the years