泌尿系统:由肾、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成。主要是排出废物和多余的水分,维持体内水、电解质、酸硷的平衡。 1.肾:位于腹后壁,脊柱两侧(见图1)。内侧缘有肾门,是肾盂、血管等出入的地方。肾表面包有三层被膜,实质主要由大量泌尿小管组成。泌尿小管包活肾单位和集合管两部分,前者是基本的 Urinary system: the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. Mainly to discharge waste and excess water, to maintain the body’s water, electrolyte, pH balance. 1. Kidney: Located in the posterior abdominal wall, both sides of the spine (see Figure 1). The inner edge of the kidney door, is the renal pelvis, blood vessels and other access to the place. Renal surface covered with three layers of film, essentially composed of a large number of urinary tubules. Urinary tubules live nephrons unit and collecting tube two parts, the former is basic