目前我国敞车手制动装置的结构特点是手轮高于敞车端墙150～250mm。在装卸作业过程中,手轮、手制动轴支架被碰坏,制动轴被撞弯的很多。笔者于1984年6～8月间,先后不定期调查、统计了青岛火车站始发和到达的25次煤炭专用列车的937辆敞车,其中手制动装置发生上述损坏的车辆共计 At present, the structural feature of the open-wheel brake device in our country is that the handwheel is 150-250mm higher than the end wall of the gondola. During loading and unloading operations, the handwheel and handbrake shaft holder are damaged, and the brake shaft is bent a lot. From June to August 1984, the author conducted irregular surveys and counted 937 gondola cars of 25 coal-only trains originating and arriving at Qingdao Railway Station, of which vehicles with the above-mentioned hand brake devices were damaged