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目的探讨大学新生社会资本现状及其与自尊的关系,为高校改善新生社会资本及开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法通过随机整群抽样,采用社会资本评估量表及自尊量表对杭州市3所高校的1 105名大学新生进行调查,分析社会资本各维度与自尊的关系。结果女生社会支持和社会交往的均分分别为(48.12±7.88)和(11.77±1.76)分,均略高于男生的(45.37±8.08)和(11.41±1.99)分,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.70,2.74,P值均<0.01);男生社会网络的均分为(10.50±2.71)分,略高于女生的(9.66±2.79)分,差异有统计学意义(t=4.19,P<0.01)。社会资本各条目较高的学生自尊得分明显高于社会资本较低学生的自尊得分(P值均<0.05)。社会支持对大学新生自尊的影响最大(OR=2.184,P<0.01),其次是社会交往(OR=2.078,P<0.01)。结论大学新生的社会资本与自尊状况有密切的关系。学校应帮助新生建立和累积有效的社会资本,从而促进身心健康发展。
Objective To explore the status quo of college freshmen social capital and its relationship with self-esteem, and to provide evidences for college social capital improvement and mental health education. Methods A total of 1 105 college freshmen from 3 universities in Hangzhou city were surveyed by random cluster sampling, social capital assessment scale and self-esteem scale to analyze the relationship between social dimensions and self-esteem. Results The average score of female students’ social support and social interaction were (48.12 ± 7.88) and (11.77 ± 1.76) points respectively, which were all slightly higher than those of male students (45.37 ± 8.08) and (11.41 ± 1.99) points, the differences were statistically significant (t = 4.70,2.74, P <0.01). The average score of male social network was (10.50 ± 2.71) points, slightly higher than that of female students (9.66 ± 2.79) points, the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.19, P <0.01). The self-esteem scores of students with higher social capital entries were significantly higher than those of students with lower social capital scores (P <0.05). Social support had the greatest impact on college freshmen’s self-esteem (OR = 2.184, P <0.01), followed by social interaction (OR = 2.078, P <0.01). Conclusion The freshmen’s social capital is closely related to their self-esteem status. Schools should help freshmen to establish and accumulate effective social capital so as to promote their physical and mental health.