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目的:研究青蒿植株青蒿素含量和总量与农艺性状之间的相互关系,为提高青蒿种质资源利用率和青蒿新品种选育提供依据。方法:对63份青蒿种质资源总计252个单株的植株青蒿素含量和各农艺性状指标进行调查和测定,在此基础上进行相关分析、回归分析和通径分析。结果:我国青蒿主产区不同种质资源之间植株青蒿素含量和总量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,青蒿植株叶重和青蒿素总量同植株茎秆和枝条的性状呈显著正相关,而植株青蒿素含量同植株叶部的性状呈显著负相关。回归分析表明,青蒿植株青蒿素含量随着一级分枝数、下部二级分枝数、茎基部直径等指标的增加而提高,而随着上部二级分枝数、小叶轴长、下部分枝直径等指标的增加而降低;青蒿素总量随着植株青蒿素含量、叶重、下部二级分枝数等指标的增加而增加,而随着下部分枝直径、中部二级分枝数、茎重等指标的增加而减少。通径分析表明,一级分枝数和下部二级分枝数对植株青蒿素含量的直接正效应较大,而上部二级分枝数对青蒿素含量的直接负效应较大;叶重和青蒿素含量对植株青蒿素总量的直接正效应较大,而叶/秆值、枝条重和茎重对青蒿素总量的直接负效应较大。结论:在青蒿育种中可以兼顾高产和高青蒿素含量,而且在选育高产、高含量的青蒿新品种时,应选择株高和冠幅适中、羽片和小叶轴短、中上部二级分枝数少、主茎粗、一级分枝数多、下部二级分枝数多和叶/秆值高的材料。
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between artemisinin content and total amount and agronomic traits of Artemisia annua plants, and to provide basis for improving the utilization rate of Artemisia annua L. germplasm resources and breeding new varieties of Artemisia annua. Methods: The artemisinin content of 63 plant Artemisia annua germplasm resources in a total of 252 plants and their agronomic traits were investigated and determined. Based on this, correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were carried out. Results: The plant artemisinin content and the total amount of different germplasm resources in the main producing areas of A. annua were significantly different. Correlation analysis showed that the leaf weight and the total amount of artemisinin in Artemisia annua plants had a significant positive correlation with the traits of stems and shoots of the plants, but the plant artemisinin content had a significant negative correlation with the plant leaf traits. Regression analysis showed that the artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L. plants increased with the increase of the number of first-order branches, the second-order branches and the diameter of the stem base. With the number of upper second- Lower branch diameter and other indicators increased; artemisinin total with plant artemisinin content, leaf weight, the number of the lower secondary branches and other indicators increased, and with the lower branch diameter, the middle two The number of branches, stem weight and other indicators of increase and decrease. Path analysis showed that the direct positive effect of the first grade branches and the second branch numbers on the plant artemisinin content was relatively large, while the direct effect of the upper second grade branches on the artemisinin content was relatively large. The direct and positive effects of heavy and artemisinin on the total amount of plant artemisinin were larger, but the direct negative effects of leaf / stem value, shoot weight and stem weight on the total amount of artemisinin were larger. Conclusion: Both high yield and high artemisinin content can be considered in Artemisia annua L. breeding. In the selection of high-yielding and high-content Artemisia annua varieties, plant height and crown width should be selected, Less number of branches, thick main stems, more primary branches, lower secondary branches and higher leaf / stalk values.