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药物变态反应(drug allergy)又称之为过敏反应(hypersensitive reaction),是致敏病人对某种药物的特殊反应。药物或药物在体内的代谢产物作为抗原与机体特异抗体反应或激发致敏淋巴细胞而造成组织损伤或生理功能紊乱。该反应仅发生于少数病人身上,和已知药物作用的性质无关,和剂量无线性关系,反应性质各不相同,不易预知,一般不发生于首次用药,初次接触时需要诱导期,停止给药反应消失,化学结构相似药物易发生交义或不完全交义的过敏反应,某些疾病可使药物对机体的致敏性增加。药物引起的变态反应包括速发和迟发等4型反应,临床主要表现为皮疹、血管神经性水肿、过敏性休克、血清病综合征、哮喘等。对易致过敏的药物或过敏体质者,用药前应作过敏试验。
Drug allergy, also known as hypersensitive reaction, is a special reaction of a sensitized patient to a drug. Drugs or drugs in the body metabolites as antigens and body-specific antibodies react or stimulate sensitized lymphocytes caused by tissue damage or physiological dysfunction. The reaction occurs only in a small number of patients, and has nothing to do with the known nature of the role of the drug, and the dose of non-linear relationship between the nature of the reaction varies, not easy to predict, generally does not occur in the first medication, the first contact requires induction, stop dosing The reaction disappeared, the chemical structure of similar drugs prone to cross-linked or incomplete cross-allergic reactions, some diseases can increase the sensitivity of the drug to the body. Drug-induced allergic reactions include rapid and delayed type 4 reaction, the main clinical manifestations of rash, angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic shock, serum sickness syndrome, asthma and so on. Allergy-prone drugs or allergies, medication should be allergic tests.