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三尖杉属植物为我国特有的树种之一,分布地区广,资源丰富,我国民间用做润肺、消积、驱虫药。近年来,三尖杉生物碱用于治疗癌肿。到目前为止,从三尖杉(Cephaloaxus)属植物中,已分离得到三尖杉型生物碱十二种,高刺桐(Homoerythrina)型生物碱七种。其中,四种三尖杉碱的酯类化合物:(Ⅰ)三尖杉酯碱(Harringtonine);(Ⅱ)高三尖杉酯碱(Homoharringtonine);(Ⅲ)异三尖杉酯碱(Isoharringtonine)和(Ⅳ)脱氧三尖杉酯碱(Deoxyharringtonine)对小鼠淋巴白血病 P 388具有显著疗效,对 L1210也有一定疗效,引起人们的重视,它们的结构式如下:
The cephalocephalus is one of the tree species unique to China. It has a wide distribution area and abundant resources. China’s folk use it as a lung, consumer, and anthelmintic agent. In recent years, harringtonine alkaloids have been used to treat cancer. Twelve species of harringtonine alkaloids and seven species of alkaloids of the genus Homoerythrina have been isolated so far from genus Cephaloaxus. Among them, four kinds of harringtonine ester compounds: (I) Harringtonine; (II) Homoharringtonine; (III) Isoaharringtonine and (IV)Deoxyharringtonine has a significant effect on mouse lymphoblastic leukemia P 388. It also has a certain effect on L1210, which has attracted people’s attention. Their structural formulas are as follows: