植物的种子一般都含有丰富的营养物质。当种子萌发时,胚便吸收和利用这些营养物质而发育成为幼苗。种子内贮藏的营养物质主要为淀粉,脂肪和蛋白质,此外还有一些维生素和矿物质。根据种子中贮藏物质的主要成分,可以把它们分为三大类:(1)淀粉种子,如水稻、小麦、玉米和高粱等的种子。(2)油料种子,如:花生、芝麻、油莱。油茶、蓖麻等种子。(3)蛋白质种子,如:大豆、蚕豆种子。表1是几种主要作物种子的化学成分。 Plant seeds are generally rich in nutrients. When the seeds germinate, the embryos absorb and utilize these nutrients to develop into seedlings. Stored in the seeds of nutrients mainly starch, fat and protein, in addition to some vitamins and minerals. According to the main components of stored substances in seeds, they can be divided into three categories: (1) Starch seeds such as seeds of rice, wheat, corn and sorghum. (2) oil seeds, such as: peanuts, sesame, oil Lai. Camellia, castor and other seeds. (3) protein seeds, such as: soybean, broad bean seeds. Table 1 is the chemical composition of several major crop seeds.