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目的了解2010-2015年重庆市第九人民医院医院感染(HAI)现患率及其变化,为制定有效控制措施提供科学参考依据。方法采取床旁调查和病历调查相结合的方式,对2010年6月15日、2011年12月15日、2012年9月27日、2013年12月25日、2014年9月24日、2015年11月10日(00:0-24:00)所有住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,将调查结果采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果现患率调查结果显示医院感染率为3.05%(196/6419)、例次现患率为3.43%(220/6 419)。现患率排在前5位的科室为重症医学科(ICU)、肾内科、神经外科、肿瘤血液科、神经内科。医院感染部位均以下呼吸道居首位。共检出病原体94株,其中以革兰阴性菌感染为主。抗菌药物平均使用率为27.66%(1 776/6 419)。结论通过现患率调查掌握医院感染的基本情况与特点,加强对医院感染高发的重点科室及部位的监测,依据病原学检测结果合理使用抗菌药物,采取有效的预防与控制措施降低医院感染发病率。
Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infection (HAI) and its changes in the Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing from 2010 to 2015, and to provide scientific reference for the development of effective control measures. Methods A combination of bedside surveys and medical record surveys was used on June 15, 2010, December 15, 2011, September 27, 2012, December 25, 2013, September 24, 2014, and 2015. On November 10th (00:0-24:00), all hospitalized patients were investigated for the prevalence of nosocomial infection, and the survey results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results The prevalence survey results showed that the hospital infection rate was 3.05% (196/6419), and the prevalence rate was 3.43% (220/6419). The top five prevalence departments are the Department of Critical Care Medicine (ICU), Nephrology, Neurosurgery, Oncology, and Neurology. Nosocomial infection sites were ranked first in the lower respiratory tract. A total of 94 pathogens were detected, of which gram-negative bacteria were the main infections. The average use of antimicrobials was 27.66% (1 776/6 419). Conclusion Through the investigation of prevalence rate, we can master the basic situation and characteristics of nosocomial infection, strengthen the monitoring of key hospital departments and sites with high incidence of nosocomial infection, rationally use antibiotics based on etiological test results, and adopt effective prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.