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目的了解宝丰县手足口病流行规律,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法采用实验室检测诊断和临床诊断,用描述流行病学方法,对宝丰县2008~2014年手足口病感染进行分析。结果2008~2014年宝丰县累计报告手足口病2 855例,其中实验室诊断核酸分型138例,年均发病率为79.52/10万。死亡2例,死亡率0.06/10万。2008~2014年发病率分别为11.45/10万,115.54/10万、115.40/10万、64.34/10万、53.00/10万、54.14/10万和142.82/10万(P<0.01)。全县各乡镇均有发病,发病率以城关镇最高,为128.50/10万,前营乡最低,为45.32/10(P<0.01)。发病时间集中在3~6月份,占73.80%。年龄以5岁以下儿童为主,占96.74%。职业以散居儿童为主,占85.29%,病原体以EV71感染为主,占78.99%。2010年至2014年报告重症病例577例,重症率为20.21%,2010~2013年重症发生率有逐年下降趋势(P<0.01),2014年明显上升(P<0.01)。结论宝丰县手足口病有明显的年龄、职业和季节差异,托幼机构是手足口病预防控制工作的重点。
Objective To understand the epidemic pattern of hand, foot and mouth disease in Baofeng County, and to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Laboratory testing and clinical diagnosis were used to describe the epidemic of HFMD in Baofeng County from 2008 to 2014. Results A total of 2 855 HFMD cases were reported in Baofeng County from 2008 to 2014, of which 138 cases were diagnosed by laboratory diagnostic method. The average annual incidence was 79.52 / 100 000. Two patients died, with a death rate of 0.06 / 100,000. The incidence rates from 2008 to 2014 were 11.45 / 100,000, 115.54 / 100,000, 115.40 / 100,000, 64.34 / 100,000, 53.00 / 100,000, 54.14 / 100,000 and 142.82 / 100,000 respectively. The incidence of all towns and villages throughout the county incidence, the highest incidence of Chengguan Town, 128.50 / 100 000, the lowest before the camp, 45.32 / 10 (P <0.01). The onset time concentrated in 3 to 6 months, accounting for 73.80%. The majority of children under 5 years of age, accounting for 96.74%. Occupation was dominated by diaspora, accounting for 85.29%. The main pathogens were EV71, accounting for 78.99%. From 2010 to 2014, 577 severe cases were reported, the critical rate was 20.21%. From 2010 to 2013, the incidence of severe diseases decreased year by year (P <0.01) and increased significantly in 2014 (P <0.01). Conclusion Hand, foot and mouth disease in Baofeng County has obvious age, occupational and seasonal differences. The nursery and kindergarten is the focus of hand-foot-mouth disease prevention and control.