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一、前言通常把机车车辆由于自重或者由于乘客重、货物重等所产生的载荷以及由于运行中加减速和振动引起的惯性力等,包括所承受的静、动载荷统称之为负荷。机车、客电车、货车因其用途、运行速度及线路状况不同,所受的负荷也不同。尤其是货车,由于采用了提高价格性能(即低成本高性能)的设计方式,与客电车比较,转向架的防振性能和制动装置,都是采用比较简易的结构。因而垂直方向的负荷和车辆间的冲击就容易过大。这样,货车按去向在驼峰上溜放连挂时的冲击也在所难免。表1
First, the preamble Usually locomotives due to weight or due to heavy passengers, cargo weight and other due to acceleration and deceleration during operation and inertia caused by vibration, including the static and dynamic load, collectively referred to as the load. Locomotives, trams, trucks because of their use, speed and line conditions are different, the load is also different. In particular, wagons have been designed to be more cost-effective (ie, less expensive and more cost-effective) than their counterparts for trams. Therefore, the load in the vertical direction and the impact between the vehicles can easily be too large. In this way, the van according to the hovering on the hump even when the impact is inevitable. Table 1