文人画研究一直是中国美术史论研究的热点课题,在这一领域可以说是人才济济,硕果累累。艺术流派或者艺术思潮产生,既有其本身内在规律性的因素,也有外部环境变化因素的影响。本文从社会经济的角度,研究文人画兴起的外部因素。一、明代中后期宫廷绘画的相对衰落明代的宫廷绘画曾经是明代画坛的一支重要力量。宣德时期宫廷中的画家中除了永乐时期留任的边文进、谢环、郭纯等宫廷画家以外,还从民间征召了许多绘画高手,如周文靖、李在、马轼、倪端、商喜、孙隆、石锐等人,一时名家云集。到宪宗、孝宗朝时, The study of literati painting has been a hot topic in the study of the history of Chinese art history. It can be said that there are many talents and achievements in this field. The emergence of artistic genres or artistic trends has its own inherent regularity as well as external environmental change. This article studies the external factors of literati painting from the perspective of social economy. First, the relative decline of court painting in the late Ming Dynasty Ming court painting was an important force in the Ming Dynasty painting. Among the painters in the court of Xuande period, besides the court painters such as the Bian Wenjin, Xie Huan and Guo Chun, who remained in the Yongle period, they also solicited many master paintings from the civilians such as Zhou Wenjing, Li Zai, Ma Shi, Ni Duan, Shang Xi , Sun Long, Shi Rui et al, a moment masters gathered. To the constitutional, filial piety,