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众所周知,普通教育与职业技术教育日益接近,乃至相互结合,是当今世界教改潮流的总趋向,也是苏联八十年代推行教育改革的战略重点。八十年代,苏联在中等教育结构改革方面有两个突出的特点。其一,在教改的第一阶段大力发展职业教育,据苏联官方统计,八十年代初,全国有职工技术学校7072所,到1987年已突破万所大关,专业设置超过1500多个,其二,在教改第二阶段,即1986年至1987年,苏联教育部制定了许多具体措施,大力加强普通中学的职业技术教育。具体说来,采取了下列三大措施:
As we all know, the general education and vocational and technical education are getting closer and even combined with each other. It is the general trend of education reform in the world today and also the strategic focus of promoting education reform in the 1980s. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union had two outstanding features in the structural reform of secondary education. First, vigorously develop vocational education in the first phase of education reform. According to the official statistics of the Soviet Union, in the early 1980s, there were 7072 technical and vocational schools throughout the country. By 1987, it had exceeded 10,000 standards and more than 1,500 specialties were set up. Second, during the second phase of education reform, from 1986 to 1987, the Soviet Ministry of Education formulated many concrete measures to vigorously strengthen vocational and technical education in ordinary secondary schools. Specifically, the following three major measures have been taken: