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根瘤菌是一类重要的土壤微生物类群。由于根瘤菌与豆科植物形成的共生关系以及它们在地球上固定氮素的巨大数量,使得其在人类的农牧业生产、生态环境方面占有重要的地位。尤其是近二十多年来,生物固氮受到愈来愈多的国家的重视,生物固氮的各方面,诸如固氮基因,结瘤基因,固氮酶的结构和功能,固氮生理,固氮生物化学,固氮生态及生物固氮的应用等等均有较快的进展,取得了重要的成果。生物固氮的另一个侧面,即固氮微生物资源的调查、研究和开发利用也有较快的进展,根瘤菌资源方面尤其如此。
Rhizobium is an important group of soil microorganisms. Due to the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and leguminous plants and the huge amount of nitrogen they immobilize on the earth, they play an important role in the agricultural production and ecological environment of human beings. In recent 20 years, biological nitrogen fixation has been paid more attention to by more and more countries. All aspects of biological nitrogen fixation, such as the structure and function of nitrogen fixation genes, nodulation genes and nitrogenase, nitrogen fixation physiology, nitrogen fixation biochemistry, nitrogen fixation Ecological and biological nitrogen fixation, etc. have made rapid progress, and achieved important results. Another aspect of biological nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixation microbial resources survey, research and development and utilization of the faster progress, especially Rhizobium resources.