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目的探讨教养方式与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患病率的关系,为预防和控制ADHD提供理论依据。方法用自行设计的调查表,对深圳市龙岗区3520名幼儿父母的行为习惯、教养方式进行调查。按教养方式不同将幼儿分为暴露组(不良教养方式)和非暴露组进行3a的追踪,比较暴露组和非暴露组儿童ADHD患病率。结果学龄前儿童ADHD患病率为14.4%,其中男童为16.6%,高于女童的11.7%(P<0.01)。χ2检验显示,母亲吸烟、饮酒,溺爱、父母打骂孩子等16个因素对儿童ADHD患病率有影响(P值均<0.05)。多元Cox回归分析表明,母亲吸烟(RR=4.409)、溺爱(RR=1.428)、父亲责骂孩子(RR=1.404)、母亲打孩子(RR=1.401)、母亲心情不好骂孩子(RR=1.376),对儿童ADHD患病率有显著影响(P值均<0.01)。结论父母不良教养方式是儿童ADHD患病的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the relationship between parental rearing patterns and the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of ADHD. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the behavioral habits and parental rearing patterns of 3520 children in Longgang District, Shenzhen. Children were divided into exposure group (poor parenting style) and non-exposure group (3a) according to different training mode. The prevalence of ADHD was compared between exposed group and non-exposed group. Results The prevalence of ADHD in preschool children was 14.4%, of which 16.6% for boys and 11.7% for girls (P <0.01). Chi-square test showed that 16 factors such as smoking, drinking, spoiled children and punishing children by their mothers had an impact on the prevalence of ADHD (P <0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that mothers smoked children (RR = 1.440), spoiled children (RR = 1.428), fathers scolded children (RR = 1.404), mothers beat children (RR = 1.401) , Had a significant effect on the prevalence of ADHD in children (P all <0.01). Conclusion Poor parental rearing patterns are risk factors for ADHD in children.