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工程技术界一向认为只有所谓高韧性、高塑性的材料才能用来制造承受冲击载荷的机件或工具,而此一所谓高韧件是依据缺口试样在一次摆锤冲击下破断所得α值来衡量的。但在国内外生产实践中,特别是我国大跃进以来在金属材料使用和代用过程中所涌现的许多事实说明,上述这一看法和实际情况是有着很大出入的。本文根据一次摆锤冲击试验和机件在运转中破断情况的不同,提出了金属材料抵抗冲击载荷的抗力应该用多次重复冲击试验进行衡量。文中首先分析了过去和现代对多次重复冲击试验的价值和实用意义的不同论点和看法,以实验数据论证了作者所提出的看法,在探讨不同金属材料在多次重复冲击下断裂的基本规律的基础上,阐明了多次冲击试验的意义根本不同于一次摆锤冲击试验和疲劳试验,论证了从材料对多次冲击抗力的观点言,对α和δ值提出过高的要求是不必要和不适宜的。从而为高强度低塑性的金属材料扩大应用范围以及热处理工艺的某些变革指出了新的方向。
The engineering and technical community has always believed that only the so-called high toughness, high plasticity materials can be used to make the impact load bearing parts or tools, and the so-called high-toughness is based on notched specimens under a pendulum impact broken α value Measured. However, many facts that have emerged in the practice of production both at home and abroad, especially since the Great Leap Forward in the use and substitution of metallic materials, show that this view and the actual situation are quite different. In this paper, according to a pendulum impact test and the broken parts in operation, it is proposed that the resistance of metallic materials to impact load should be measured by multiple repeated impact tests. The paper first analyzes the different opinions and opinions of the past and the modern on the value and practical significance of multiple repeated impact tests. The experimental data are used to demonstrate the author’s opinions and discuss the basic rules of fracture of different metallic materials under repeated repeated impacts , It is clarified that the significance of multiple impact tests is fundamentally different from that of a single pendulum impact test and fatigue test. It is demonstrated that it is not necessary to make excessive demands on α and δ values from the point of view of material against multiple impact resistances And not suitable. Thus pointing out a new direction for expanding the range of applications for high-strength, low-plasticity metallic materials and for some changes in the heat treatment process.