目的了解贵州省布依族儿童的神经心理发育现状,为促进其健康成长提供科学依据。方法在贵州省布依族聚居的册亨县、长顺县采用现况研究的方法,抽取6个月~6周岁的儿童200名,同时在以汉族为主的水城县、平坝县随机抽取217名儿童作为对照组,采用首都儿研所研制的《0-6岁小儿神经心理发育量表》进行智力发育测查。结果布依族儿童5大能区发育商及总发育商均在正常范围,但存在不均衡现象,大运动发育商(100.73±13.54)明显优于其他方面,语言发育商(85.62±13.92)明显落后于其他方面(P<0.01);布依族男女童间智力发育无差异。2~12个月儿童总发育商最高(96.74±13.58),>3岁儿童总发育商最低(84.47±9.07)(P<0.01)。布依族儿童语言发育(85.62±13.92)商明显高于汉族儿童(76.39±15.10)(P<0.01);总发育商(91.38±11.28)高于汉族儿童(84.07±11.98)(P<0.05)。布依族男童的适应能力、语言及总发育商均明显高于汉族男童(P<0.01),社交行为发育商高于汉族男童(P<0.05);布依族女童除大运动发育商高于汉族女童(P<0.05)外,其余各能区发育商二者差异均无统计学意义。布依族儿童智力低下段占2.00%,明显低于汉族儿童的9.22%(P<0.01),正常段占64.50%高于汉族儿童的52.07%(P<0.05)。除>3岁年龄段布依族儿童适应能力(77.95±10.31)高于汉族儿童的(70.64±10.21)外(P<0.05),其余各年龄段各能区发育商及总发育商差异无统计学意义。两民族儿童除大运动外,其余各能区发育商及总发育商均是小年龄段较高,大年龄段较低,>3岁儿童语言和适应能力发育商到达低下边缘。结论布依族儿童神经心理发育在正常水平,但有随年龄增长呈下降的趋势。大运动发育良好,无性别差异。 Objective To understand the neuropsychological development of Buyi children in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for their healthy growth. Methods The current study was conducted in the villages of Cheheng and Changshun inhabited by Buyi ethnic groups in Guizhou Province. 200 children from 6 months to 6 years old were collected. At the same time, 217 were selected randomly from Shucheng and Pingba counties with Han nationality Children as a control group, using the Capital Research Institute developed “0-6-year-old children neuropsychological development scale” for mental development test. Results There was an imbalance between the developers and the total developers of the 5 energy-saving districts in Buyi children. However, the developers of large-scale sports (100.73 ± 13.54) were significantly better than the others, while the language developers (85.62 ± 13.92) In other aspects (P <0.01), there was no difference in intelligence development between Boys and girls. The total number of children with developmental age was the highest (96.74 ± 13.58) in 2 ~ 12 months and the lowest (84.47 ± 9.07) in children> 3 years of age (P <0.01). The language development of Buyi children (85.62 ± 13.92) was significantly higher than that of Han children (76.39 ± 15.10) (P <0.01). The total developmental providers (91.38 ± 11.28) were higher than Han children (84.07 ± 11.98) (P <0.05). Buyi boys had significantly higher adaptability, language and total development than Han boys (P <0.01), social behavior developed more than Han boys (P <0.05) For Han girls (P <0.05), there was no significant difference between the other developing regions. Buyi children accounted for 2.00% of the mental retardation, significantly lower than the 9.22% Han children (P <0.01), the normal segment accounted for 64.50% higher than the 52.07% Han children (P <0.05). Except for children aged> 3 years old, the adaptability of Buyi children (77.95 ± 10.31) was higher than that of Han children (70.64 ± 10.21) (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other developing regions in all age groups significance. Apart from the major sports, the children of ethnic minorities in all other regions have higher growth rates in younger age groups and lower age groups, and those with> 3-year-olds have reached the lower edge of language development and adaptability. Conclusion The neuropsychological development of Buyi children is at normal level, but tends to decrease with age. Large sports well developed, no gender differences.