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人类学是人文社会科学的一门基础性学科,现代学术在以世界和全人类为论域的时候,是以国际社会为考察对象的。“人文社会科学在观察世界和分析问题时都离不开全球场域和本地语境,需要运用一种综合性视角来观照自身以及所处的世界”。1“整体论”是人类学家所必须具备的研究视野,它与现代科学发展整体化趋势紧密联系。斯马茨1926年在《整体论与进化》一书中开始使用“整体论”(Holism)一词。“整体论”是以整体作为研究基点,将社会等整体作为分析的
Anthropology is a basic discipline of humanities and social sciences. Modern scholarship takes the world and all mankind as its discourse and takes the international community as the object of study. “Humanities and social sciences are inseparable from the global field and local context both in the observation of the world and in the analysis of the problem. They need to use a comprehensive view of themselves and the world in which they live.” 1 “Holism” is a research field that anthropologists must possess, which is closely linked with the tendency of the integration of modern science. In 1926, Szczehl began to use the word “Holism” in his book “Holism and Evolution.” “Holism” is based on the whole as a research basis, the society as a whole as an analysis