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目的探讨引起外科医生职业紧张的主要紧张源。方法采用流行病学调查方法,使用职业紧张测量工具测量职业紧张因素,调查年龄、性别、文化程度、周平均工作时间等资料。数据分析用χ2检验、t检验、方差分析,逐步回归模型分析。结果外科医生组工作控制、工作需求、工作危险、工作责任、物理环境得分高于对照组(P<0.05);工作冲突、角色紧张得分低于对照组(P<0.001)。不同等级医院外科医生紧张因素中三甲医院外科医生组物理环境、工作冲突、行为方式得分高于二甲医院组,工作危险、工作前景、工作心理紧张源得分低于二甲医院组(P<0.05);周工作时间>40 h组工作危险得分高于≤40 h组,工作冲突得分低于≤40 h组(P<0.05)。结论外科医生主要的紧张源为医院等级高、工作需求高、工作责任重及工作冲突多、医患关系紧张。
Objective To explore the main causes of stress in surgeons. Methods Using epidemiological survey methods, occupational stress measurement tools were used to measure occupational stress factors and to investigate data such as age, sex, educational level and average weekly working hours. Data analysis using χ2 test, t test, analysis of variance, stepwise regression model analysis. Results The scores of work control, work requirement, work danger, work responsibility and physical environment in the surgeon group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The work conflicts and the role tension scores were lower than those in the control group (P <0.001). The scores of physical environment, work conflict and behavior of the surgeon group in the top three hospitals in different ranks were higher than those in the second-grade hospital group, and the score of work stress and job stress was lower than that of the second-grade hospital group (P <0.05) ). The work-related risk scores of working hours> 40 h group were higher than those of ≤40 h group, and the work conflict scores were lower than ≤40 h group (P <0.05). Conclusions The major sources of tension for surgeons are the high level of hospitals, the high demand of work, the heavy responsibility of work and the conflict of work, and the tension between doctors and patients.