1.BackgroundrnHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common neoplasms encountered,and its incidence is increasing worldwide because of the increasing prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [1,2].Patients with HBV or HCV-related HCC suffer not only from malignancy but also chronic virus infection.It follows that treatments for HCC could also affect the activity of virus replication,a factor that has important implication for hepatitis activity.In previous studies [3,4],high incidences (28％ and 21％ respectively) of HBV reactivation were observed in HBV-related HCC patients undergoing liver resections.So far,there have been very few reports concing reactivation of HCV replication in HCV-related HCC patients undergoing liver resection.Here we present the case of a patient with HCV-related HCC underwent liver resection and experienced postoperative liver failure duo to HCV reactivation.