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根据时序上的演进态势,国家间技术差距存在马太、收敛和制衡三种效应。本文认为,UNDP(2001)创立的技术成就指数能全面反映一国产业升级和技术创新的基础能力。本文运用其计算方法计算了全球134个国家和地区的技术成就指数,把UNDP(2001)的单年数据扩展为1985—2005年的面板数据,发现高收入国家与中低收入国家的技术成就水平总体上呈收敛效应,但少数国家存在马太效应,表明全球各国的技术差距在逐渐缩小,发展中国家实施技术赶超战略有一定的成效。中国不能继续依赖旧有技术扩散,而要在技术创造、新技术扩散和人力技能开发等方面取得更大突破。本文的研究支持了中国政府所倡导的自主创新政策。
According to the evolutionary trend in time series, there are three kinds of effects: Matthew, convergence, and checks and balances. This paper argues that the index of technological achievements set up by UNDP (2001) can fully reflect the basic capabilities of a country in industrial upgrading and technological innovation. This paper uses its calculation method to calculate the index of technological achievements of 134 countries and regions in the world. It expands the single-year data of UNDP (2001) into the panel data of 1985-2005 and finds that the technological achievements of high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries However, the Matthew effect in a few countries shows that the technological gap between countries in the world is gradually narrowing. The implementation of technology catch-up strategies in developing countries has achieved some success. China can not continue to rely on the proliferation of old technologies but must make greater breakthroughs in technology creation, new technology diffusion and human skills development. The research in this article supports the independent innovation policy advocated by the Chinese government.