经济学理论从未像自然科学理论那样,出现过科学哲学家库恩描述的范式完全替代的现象。它们此消彼长,风水轮流。人们只是在接受新的,但从未毁灭旧的。旧的过了数十年,一旦有了现实的契机,又改头换面成了新的,时髦起来。拉卡托斯的方法论就较为符合经济学整个发展的历史轨迹,它强调不同阵营之间的竞争以及由此造成的各流派的兴衰,并允许以前退步的纲领东山再起;而另位科学哲学家劳丹的描述更符合经济学理论的七十年代后的现实,即不同阵营持久性的竞争,许多对手共存于永久 Economic theory has never been the case of the natural science theory, there has been a complete replacement of the paradigm by Kuhn described by the philosopher of science. They move in opposite directions, feng shui turns. People are just accepting new ones, but they never destroy the old ones. Over the past few decades, once there is a turning point in reality, they have become new and fashionable again. Lakatos’ methodology is more in keeping with the historical trajectory of the entire development of economics. It emphasizes the competition among different camps and the rise and fall of all genres resulting from it, and allows the program of retrogression to come to an end. Another scientific philosopher Dan’s description more in line with the reality of economic theory after the seventies, that is, the persistent competition in different camps, many opponents coexist in a permanent