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为了解长期施肥条件下和施肥后土壤磷素的组分状况及有效性,给磷肥的合理施用提供依据,研究采用Bowman-Cole提出的土壤有机磷分组测定法和顾益初-蒋柏藩提出的土壤无机磷分级测定法对采自沈阳农业大学棕壤长期定位试验站的原始土壤(1979年),连续施肥15a的土壤(1993年)和连续施肥15a后停止施肥4a的土壤(1997年)样品进行了磷组分含量测定,并对各组分与速效磷的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)长期连续施肥条件下,化学磷肥单独施用不能增加土壤中有机磷量,但能够促进各组分间相互转化。有机肥无论是单施还是同化学肥料配合施用,均能提高土壤中有机磷的含量,且能够促进有机磷组分中的稳定性有机磷和中等稳定性有机磷向活性有机磷方向转化。磷肥单施或有机肥与磷肥配合施用均可增加土壤无机磷组分中Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P的含量。(2)停止施用肥料后,土壤中累积的有机磷会矿化分解,无机磷组分中的O-P和Ca10-P也可向有效态转化,供作物利用。其中活性有机磷与速效磷呈显著的负相关,R=0.636*(n=9),Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P均与速效磷呈显著或极显著正相关,且Al-P、Fe-P对速效磷的相对有效性高。
In order to understand the status and availability of soil phosphorus components under long-term fertilization and fertilization, and to provide a basis for the rational application of phosphate fertilizer, Bowman-Cole proposed by the soil organic phosphorus group determination and Gu Yichu - Jiang Baofan soil inorganic phosphorus Grading assay Soil samples from soil (1997), which were collected from the original brown soil of Shenyang Agricultural University Brownfield Station (1979), soil fertilized continuously for 15a (1993) and soil fertilized after continuous fertilization for 15a (1997) Determination of the components, and the correlation between the components and available phosphorus were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Under the condition of long-term continuous fertilization, the application of chemical P fertilizer alone could not increase the amount of organic phosphorus in the soil, but could promote the mutual transformation among the components. Organic fertilizers, either alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, can increase the content of organic phosphorus in the soil, and can promote the stability of organic phosphorus and medium-stable organic phosphorus in the organic phosphorus component to the active organic phosphorus direction. Phosphorus fertilizer alone or with organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can increase the content of inorganic phosphorus in soil Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P content. (2) After the application of fertilizer is stopped, the organic phosphorus accumulated in the soil will be mineralized and decomposed. O-P and Ca10-P in the inorganic phosphorus component may also be converted into the available form for crop utilization. There was a significant negative correlation between active organic phosphorus and available phosphorus, R = 0.636 * (n = 9), Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe- And Al-P, Fe-P on the available phosphorus high relative validity.