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现在已有几种化学和生物性抗病毒药物,可供临床应用,今后几年内,还会有其它药物问世。本章将对临床应用这类药物的经验作一评述,确定任何新疗法的安全性和疗效前所需考虑的标准,亦将作一检讨。只有那些已经经受过时间考验和科学调查的药物,才在本章讨论。有些抗病毒药的应用,虽已历10年以上,但有关其应用准则至今仍不成熟。病毒感染的某些基本原则,决定了不能把抗菌疗法中的认识直接搬用于抗病毒治疗。病毒是专性细胞内寄生物,必须改变宿主细胞的正常代谢,才能为新的病毒颗粒的繁殖提供所需物质。因此任何抗病毒剂能否收效,不仅决定于它能否透入哺乳动物细胞膜,还决定于它能否抑制病毒引导的代谢功能。此外,宿主免疫系统,
There are several chemical and biological antiviral drugs now available for clinical use, and in the next few years there will be other drugs available. This chapter will review the experience with clinical applications of these drugs, and determine the criteria to be considered before any new therapy is safe and effective. A review will also be conducted. Only those medications that have been tested for time and science are discussed in this chapter. Although some anti-viral drugs have been used for more than 10 years, their application guidelines are still not yet mature. Some basic principles of viral infection determine that antimicrobial therapy can not be used directly in antiviral therapy. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that must alter the normal metabolism of the host cells to provide the desired material for the propagation of new virions. Therefore, any anti-viral agent can not be effective, not only depends on whether it can penetrate the mammalian cell membrane, but also depends on whether it can inhibit the virus-mediated metabolic function. In addition, the host immune system,