Objective Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is invariably fatal without surgical resection.The primary aim of the current study was to determine the safety of variable surgical resections for patient with HC and their survival after surgical resection. In addition, prognostic factor for the overall survival was also evaluated. Methods The study included 59 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with HC and underwent surgical resections with curative intend between February 2009 and February 2017. Patients were followed up at 3-6 months intervals after hospital discharge. Postoperative complications and overall survival were determined. Associations of clinicopathologic and surgeon-related factors with overall survival were evaluated through univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results Of patients with Bismuth and Corlette (B & C) type Ⅲ (n=19) and Ⅳ (n=25) HC lesions, 33 (55.9％) were treated with hilar resection combined with major liver resection (MLR), while the other 11 patients with type Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and those with type Ⅰ (n=8) and Ⅱ (n=7) HC lesions were treated with hilar resection.The overall surgical mortality was 5.1％ and surgical morbidity was 35.6％.There was no statistical difference in the mortality between MLR group and hilar resection group (6.1％ vs. 3.8％; X2=0.703, P=0.145).The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 1-94 months).The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate was 59.3％, 36.5％, and 17.7％, respectively.The overall survival after resections was 18 months. In HC patients with B & C type Ⅲ andⅣ lesions, the median survival was 23 months for hilar resection with MLR and 8 months for hilar resection alone; the 1-, 3-, 5-year cumulative survival rate was 63.9％, 23.3％, and 15.5％, respectively for hilar resection with MLR, and 11.1％, 0, and 0, respectively for hilar resection alone, with significant differene observed (HR, 9.902; 95％ CI, 2.636-19.571, P=0.001). Four factors were independently associated with overall survival:preoperative serum Ca19-9 (HR, 7.039; 95％ CI, 2.803-17.678, P<0.001), histopathologic grade (HR, 4.964;95％ CI, 1.046-23.552, P=0.044), surgical margins (P=0.031), andAJCC staging (P=0.015). Conclusions R0 resection is efficacious in surgical treatment of HC. MLR in combination with caudate lobe resection may increase the chance of R0 resection and improve survival of HC patients with B & C type Ⅲ andⅣ lesions. Preoperatively prepared for biliary drainage may ensure the safety of MLR in most HC patients. Novel adjuvant therapies are needed to improve the survival of HC patients with poor prognostic factors.