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劳动力市场扭曲和城乡消费差距突出是中国经济转型时期的特征事实,本文研究了劳动力市场扭曲对城乡消费差距的影响机制,在逻辑上指出:劳动力市场扭曲会通过城乡收入差距、城乡社会保障差距这两种机制而影响城乡消费差距,但城乡社会保障机制因社会保障配置的“身份”属性而不显著,引入空间相关性之后上述作用机制依然成立。采用1992—2013年中国31个省区面板数据的研究证实了理论推演的结论。在不考虑空间相关性的条件下,劳动力市场扭曲程度每下降1个单位,会导致中国城乡消费差距和城乡收入差距分别下降0.136个单位和0.094个单位。引入空间相关性后,劳动力市场扭曲每下降1个单位,会导致中国城乡消费差距和城乡收入差距分别下降0.078和0.071个单位。本文分析的政策含义是应通过提高劳动力市场一体化程度,重视社会保障的城乡均等化配置以及缩减城乡收入差距来推动城乡消费差距的逐步收敛。
The distortion of the labor market and the prominent gap between urban and rural areas are the characteristics of China’s economic transition. This paper studies the effect of labor market distortions on the urban-rural consumer disparity, and points out logically that labor market distortions will pass the urban-rural income disparity and urban-rural social security gaps However, the mechanism of social security in urban and rural areas is not significant due to “identity ” attribute of social security allocation. After the introduction of spatial correlation, the above mechanism still exists. The study of panel data of 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China from 1992 to 2013 confirmed the conclusion of theoretical deduction. Without taking spatial correlation into account, each drop of 1 unit in labor market distortions will result in a drop of 0.136 units and 0.094 units in urban-rural consumer disparity and urban-rural income disparity in China. With the introduction of spatial correlation, each drop of 1 unit in labor market distortions will result in a decrease of 0.078 and 0.071 units in urban-rural consumer disparity and rural-urban income disparity respectively. The policy meaning analyzed in this paper is to promote the gradual convergence of urban-rural consumption gap by raising the degree of integration of labor market, emphasizing the equalization of urban-rural distribution of social security and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.