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【目的】借鉴和应用中亚国家盐碱土改良理论、技术、方法,完善新疆盐碱土改良的理论技术体系。【方法】通过对吉尔吉斯斯坦楚和平原农业资源的考察,应用DPS9.5,Excell2003等统计软件进行数据整理分析。【结果】含有碳酸氢钠的地下水反复作用楚和平原农田土壤,导致土壤耕层进行频繁的盐渍化过程,是盐碱化加重的成因;采用甜菜轮作和灌排结合的优化推荐施肥体系是楚和平原农田盐碱土改良的创新举措;楚和平原盐碱土经过改良后,土壤质地以含碳的砂质粘土为主,土壤肥力高,腐殖质和适宜耕作的盐分含量均为2.65%,其含量随着土层深度递减,土壤中被吸附的钠离子复合体呈弱碱性,改良效果明显。【结论】借鉴吉尔吉斯斯坦楚河平原盐碱土改良措施,新疆盐碱土改良应以水肥为中心,改良和培肥相结合,轮作模式和排盐相结合的生态改良模式为主。
[Objective] To draw lessons from and apply the theory, technique and method of the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Central Asian countries and to improve the theoretical and technological system for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Based on the investigation of agricultural resources in Chu and plain of Kyrgyzstan, data were analyzed by statistical software such as DPS9.5 and Excell2003. 【Result】 The groundwater containing sodium bicarbonate repeatedly applied farmland soil in the plain of Chu and resulted in the frequent salinization process of soil topsoil, which was the cause of the salinization aggravating. The optimized fertilization system using combination of sugarbeet rotation and irrigation and drainage was Chu and plain farmland saline-alkali soil improvement initiatives; after the improvement of saline-alkali soil in the plain of Chu and carbon sandy loam texture, high soil fertility, humus and suitable for farming salt content was 2.65%, its content with With the soil depth decreasing, the sodium ion complex adsorbed in the soil is weakly alkaline, and the improvement effect is obvious. 【Conclusion】 Based on the improvement measures of saline-alkali soil in the Chu-He Plain of Kyrgyzstan, the improvement of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang should focus on water and fertilizers, and the combination of improved and fertilized fertilizers should be taken as the main mode of ecological improvement combining rotation and salt drainage.