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以陕西省合阳县的28年定位试验为依托,通过主成分分析和聚类分析,研究了施肥及不同施肥条件下秸秆覆盖、灌水对土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,NP肥施用对土壤脲酶无显著影响,而使磷酸酶、转化酶活性分别较对照提高119.6%和22.0%,NP有机肥(NPM肥)使脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶活性分别较对照提高53.2%、130.8%和60.6%,NPM肥的作用大于NP肥;秸秆覆盖和灌水对脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶活性的影响因施肥条件不同而表现不同;NP肥能提高土壤速效氮、速效磷和全氮含量,NP肥施用基础上灌水能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量,NPM肥施量、NP肥及NPM肥施用基础上秸秆覆盖均能显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮和全磷含量,其中速效磷的提高幅度最大,NPM肥较对照提高64.4mg/kg,NPM肥基础上秸秆覆盖使速效磷含量较施用NPM肥提高44.0mg/kg,施肥、秸秆覆盖和灌水对土壤全钾含量和过氧化氢酶活性影响总体上不显著。主成分分析和聚类分析表明,NPM肥和NPM肥结合灌水更有利于土壤养分和酶活性综合因子的提高,提高土壤肥力;秸秆覆盖有利于提高土壤养分,不利于酶活性综合因子的提高;灌水的影响较小。生产上应注意大量秸秆覆盖对土壤酶活性的不利影响。
Based on 28-year positioning experiment in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to study the effects of straw mulching and irrigation on soil urease, phosphatase, invertase and catalase activities under different fertilization and fertilization conditions And soil nutrient content. The results showed that the application of NP fertilizer had no significant effect on soil urease, but increased the activity of phosphatase and invertase by 119.6% and 22.0%, respectively. Compared with the control, the activity of urease, phosphatase and invertase increased with NP fertilizer (NPM) Increased by 53.2%, 130.8% and 60.6% respectively. NPM fertilizer was more effective than NP fertilizer. The effects of straw mulching and irrigation on the activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase were different due to different fertilizing conditions. NP fertilizer could increase soil available nitrogen, Phosphorus and total nitrogen, and NP based on the application of irrigation can increase soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus content, NPM fertilizer application, NP fertilizer and NPM based on the application of straw mulch can significantly increase soil organic matter, , Available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, of which the available phosphorus increased the most, NPM fertilizer increased 64.4mg / kg compared with the control. Based on the NPM fertilizer, the available phosphorus content increased by 44.0mg / kg. The effects of fertilization, straw mulching and irrigation on soil total K content and catalase activity were not significant. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that combination of NPM fertilizers and NPM fertilizers was more conducive to the improvement of soil nutrients and enzyme activity comprehensive factors and improve soil fertility; straw mulch was conducive to raising soil nutrients is not conducive to the improvement of enzyme activity comprehensive factor; The impact of irrigation is small. Production should pay attention to a large number of straw mulching on the adverse effects of soil enzyme activity.