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冷战时代,以美苏为主角的全球海上争夺与对抗,使海洋经常徘徊在战争的边缘。冷战后时代,战争与冲突的局部性,“海洋宪法”的约束性,各国海洋利益的交织性,推动了海洋争议与冲突的天平更多地倒向了相对和平的边缘,海洋政治正向“冷和平”的模式转换。 其一,海洋热点密集化。90年代以来,海洋争端迅速上升。1992年,伊朗占领原与阿联酋共管的阿布穆萨等岛,激起海湾阿拉伯国家不满和不安。1993年,俄在日本海倾倒核废料,招致日韩美强烈反对。1994年,阿根廷新宪法重申对马岛主权,两国关系紧张。同年,挪威、冰岛“鳕鱼大战”中,挪威出动了军舰、飞机;日俄渔业争端中,俄军舰向对方开火;法、西渔业纠纷中,双方
During the Cold War era, the global maritime battle and confrontation led by the United States and the Soviet Union made the ocean often hovering on the edge of the war. In the post-Cold-War era, the localized nature of the war and conflicts, the binding nature of the “Ocean Constitution” and the intertwining of the maritime interests of various countries have pushed the balance of maritime disputes and conflicts more toward the edge of relative peace. Marine politics is now “ Cold peace ”mode conversion. First, the intensive marine hot spots. Since the 1990s, the maritime disputes have rapidly risen. In 1992, Iran occupied the island of Abu Musa and other formerly conquered by the UAE, arousing the dissatisfaction and unease of the Gulf Arab countries. In 1993, Russia dumped nuclear waste in the sea of Japan, causing strong opposition from Japan, South Korea and the United States. In 1994, Argentina’s new constitution reiterated its sovereignty over the island of Falklands and the tensions between the two countries. In the same year, in Norway and Iceland, “the cod war”, Norway dispatched warships and aircraft; during the fisheries dispute between Japan and Russia, the Russian warships opened fire on each other; in the disputes over fishery law and fishery, both sides