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根据地震道的振幅变化来计算地震速度要受到资料的频带限制、静校误差和有限能量透入的影响。这些影响在资料的采集阶段就着手克服。此外,还存在规则噪音串、层间多次波、随机噪音和道到道的子波畸变问题。本文讨论的方法就是通过使用资料本身来解决这些问题。这些方法包括采用一个短的二维算子消除规则的和随机的噪音,采用一种自适应反褶积技术消除层间多次波。而消除子波的畸变是通过确定各道的子波并应用若干算子使其变成尖脉冲。所有这些方法只是提高速度计算的可靠性而不提供绝对速度。因此,它只能预测岩性变化而不是绝对岩性。
The seismic velocities calculated from the amplitude changes of the seismic traces are affected by the band limitations of the data, the static error and the penetration of finite energy. These effects are overcome during the data collection phase. In addition, there are regular noise strings, inter-layer multiples, random noise and channel-to-channel wavelet distortion. The approach discussed in this article is to solve these problems by using the data itself. These methods include the use of a short two-dimensional operator to eliminate regular and random noise, and an adaptive deconvolution technique to eliminate inter-layer multiples. The elimination of wavelet distortion is determined by determining the wavelet of each channel and applying several operators to make it a sharp pulse. All of these methods only improve the reliability of speed calculation without providing absolute speed. Therefore, it can only predict lithologic changes rather than absolute lithologies.