一、风险时代的责任原则近两百年来科学技术的迅猛发展,呈现出对人类社会的强烈的控制力和对未来世界的渗透性的因果影响。所谓对人类的控制力,最集中地体现在随着基因技术和神经科学的演进,人的身心自身成了科学探索和技术掌控的对象,从而有可能对人的自然本性的持存形成巨大的挑战。所谓对未来世界的因果影响,表现在我们正在为后代留下一个过度滥用的环境和过度改变的世界,有关当代人类行为后果的科学信息的不确定性,使得未来人类置身于一种损害强度难以预估的风险之中。科技发展给当代人类本身以及未来的世代造成的巨大威胁,一举冲破了启蒙运动以来乐观主义的迷思,即相信未来人 I. Responsibility Principles in the Risk Age The rapid development of science and technology in the recent two centuries has shown a causal influence on the strong control over human society and on the permeability of the future world. The so-called control of mankind, the most concentrated expression with the evolution of genetic technology and neuroscience, human body and mind has become the object of scientific exploration and technology control, which may hold the human nature of the formation of huge challenge. The so-called causal influence on the future world is manifested in that we are leaving an over-abused and over-changed world for future generations. The uncertainty of scientific information on the consequences of contemporary human behavior makes it impossible for future generations to have exposure to a kind of Among the estimated risks. The immense threat posed by the development of science and technology to the present and future generations of mankind has in one fell swoop the optimism myth that since the Enlightenment,