我国社会主义建设四十年正反两方面的经验和教训表明,发展商品经济是完全必要的。这十多年我国改革所取得的成功也证明,商品经济的发展是不可逆转,不可改变的。我认为,传统的国有制不能适应商品经济的发展,其不能适应商品经济的发展具有多种原因,但其中一个重要的原因,就是不能自负盈亏,尤其是不能负亏。这就给我们的商品经济发展带来了很大的困难。我国现在有20％以上的国有企业处于亏损之中,这些亏损的包袱统统要由国家包起来。并且,由于种种原因,国有企业的亏损面还在扩大。即是有些 The positive and negative experiences and lessons from the past 40 years of building socialism in our country show that it is absolutely necessary to develop a commodity economy. The success of our reform over the past 10 years also proves that the development of the commodity economy is irreversible and immutable. In my opinion, the traditional state-owned enterprises can not adapt to the development of the commodity economy and can not adapt to the development of the commodity economy for a variety of reasons. One of the important reasons for this is that it can not afford to be self-financing and, in particular, can not afford to lose it. This has brought great difficulties to the development of our commodity economy. At present, over 20% of state-owned enterprises in our country are at a loss. The burden of these losses must all be covered by the state. And, for various reasons, the loss of state-owned enterprises is still expanding. That is some