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目的探讨北京市怀柔区流感确诊住院患者严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)流行病学特征和临床特征。方法分析2013年12月至2015年4月北京怀柔医院内流感实验室确诊患者,描述并比较其和非流感SARI病例在人口学、慢性疾病、临床症状和体征、病程等方面差异。采用SPSS 16.0软件,运用χ~2检验和Mann-Whitney U检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果监测SARI患者798例,其中流感确诊患者189例(23.68%)。流感确诊患者中,男性109例(57.67%),人群以<5岁年龄组(23.28%)和≥60岁(35.45%)为主;82例(43.39%)至少有1种慢性基础性疾病;咳嗽187例(98.94%)、发热183例(96.83%)、X线或CT表现为肺部异常168例(88.89%);出现并发症75例(39.68%),肺炎最常见,49例(25.93%);流感组和非流感组在年龄分布(Z=-2.82,P=0.005);慢性阻塞性肺疾病(χ~2=4.25,P=0.039);咳嗽(χ~2=15.92,P<0.001);X线或CT表现为肺部异常(χ~2=10.12,P=0.001);咳痰(χ~2=9.17,P=0.002);咽痛(χ~2=8.49,P=0.004);心功能不全(χ~2=8.58,P=0.003);呼吸衰竭(χ~2=8.48,P=0.004)发生率差异均有统计学意义。结论 <5岁儿童,≥60岁老年人以及患有某些慢性疾病患者是流感的高危人群。流感住院患者并发呼吸衰竭和心功能不全概率高于非流感患者。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in hospitalized patients with confirmed flu in Huairou District of Beijing. Methods From December 2013 to April 2015, the patients diagnosed in the influenza laboratory in Huairou Hospital of Beijing were described and compared with those in non-influenza SARI cases in terms of demographics, chronic diseases, clinical symptoms, signs and course of disease. Using SPSS 16.0 software, the use of χ ~ 2 test and Mann-Whitney U test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 798 SARI patients were monitored, of whom 189 (23.68%) were diagnosed as having influenza. Among the patients diagnosed as influenza, 109 (57.67%) were males, and the population was mainly in the group of <5 years old (23.28%) and ≥60 years (35.45%); 82 (43.39%) had at least one chronic underlying disease; Cough 187 cases (98.94%), fever 183 (96.83%), X-ray or CT showed abnormal lung 168 cases (88.89%); complications occurred in 75 cases (39.68%), pneumonia was the most common, 49 cases (25.93 %). The age distribution (Z = -2.82, P = 0.005), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (χ ~ 2 = 4.25, P = 0.039) and cough (χ ~ 2 = 15.92, P < 0.001); X-ray or CT showed pulmonary abnormalities (χ ~ 2 = 10.12, P = 0.001); expectoration (χ ~ 2 = 9.17, P = 0.002); sore throat ); Cardiac dysfunction (χ ~ 2 = 8.58, P = 0.003); respiratory failure (χ ~ 2 = 8.48, P = 0.004) were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion <5-year-old children, ≥60-year-olds, and people with certain chronic illnesses are at high risk of influenza. Flu inpatients with respiratory failure and heart failure probability is higher than non-flu patients.