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目的调查某学校细菌性痢疾暴发的原因和疫情流行特征,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法采用个案调查与回顾性队列研究,采集水样和采集病例肛拭子作实验室检测。结果疫情持续一周,共发病51例,经诊断确诊为细菌性痢疾病例的为45例,罹患率为4.64%。喝过生水的师生发病危险性显著高于未喝过生水者(RR=7.89,χ2=23.55,P<0.01)。学校及周边居民的生活饮用水、水源水的细菌总数和总大肠菌群均严重超过国家卫生标准。结论该学校细菌性痢疾暴发的原因以饮用被污染的水池水为主。改善生活饮用水供水条件,强化卫生消毒管理,是防止学校细菌性痢疾暴发的重要措施。
Objective To investigate the causes of outbreaks of bacterial dysentery in a school and the characteristics of epidemic outbreaks, so as to provide basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods A case study and a retrospective cohort study were conducted to collect water samples and collect anal swabs for laboratory testing. Results The epidemic continued for one week, with a total of 51 cases. Of the 45 cases diagnosed as bacillary dysentery, the attack rate was 4.64%. The risk of teachers and students drinking raw water was significantly higher than those who did not drink raw water (RR = 7.89, χ2 = 23.55, P <0.01). School and the surrounding residents of drinking water, water, total bacteria and total coliform bacteria have seriously exceeded the national health standards. Conclusions The reason for the outbreak of bacillary dysentery in this school is mainly drinking polluted pool water. Improving the drinking water supply conditions and strengthening sanitation and disinfection management are important measures to prevent the outbreak of bacterial diarrhea in schools.