一、引言儒学是世界上道德的、哲学的及精神的重要传统之一。它成为遍及东亚的人们的宗教生活的中心,已长达两千多年。然而,上个世纪已成为对儒学的思维和实践极具挑战性的时期。20世纪初,儒学研究变得异常艰难。1905年对处于风雨飘摇中的帝国的最后一场变革导致对基于儒学经典的、普遍存在的公民服务考 I. Introduction Confucianism is one of the important traditions of morality, philosophy and spirit in the world. It has been the center of religious life for people throughout East Asia for more than 2,000 years. However, the last century has become a period of great challenge to the thinking and practice of Confucianism. Early 20th century, Confucianism became very difficult. The last revolution in the precarious empire in 1905 led to the prevalence of civic services based on the Confucian classics