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目的 研究Meckel腔 (三叉神经腔 )及其相邻结构的显微外科解剖 ,为临床相关疾病的显微手术提供形态学依据。方法 国人成年尸体头颅标本 38例 ,其中 30例标本经双侧椎动脉灌注红色乳胶 ,采用手术显微镜 (8～ 40倍 )观察和测量Meckel腔及其相邻结构。结果 Meckel腔是包绕三叉神经根和三叉神经节的硬脑膜和蛛网膜套 ,打开硬膜间隙 ,可清晰显露Meckel腔及三叉神经节分支 ;其上腔深度 14 11± 1 45mm ,下腔深度 15 78± 1 5 6mm ,宽 12 15± 1 34mm ,厚度 5 6 1±0 5 5mm ;下颌神经颅内段长 4 5 5± 1 76mm ,宽 5 77± 1 6 7mm ,厚度 1 49± 0 33mm。同时对毗邻的海绵窦外侧壁内外层、岩浅大神经、岩上窦及颈内动脉岩骨段水平部等结构的关系进行了显微解剖。结论 Meckel腔及相邻结构的显微解剖学研究 ,对中颅凹硬膜外入路的显微外科手术、侵入Meckel腔的后颅凹肿瘤显微外科手术 ,三叉神经痛治疗和影像学的检查等有临床指导价值。
Objective To study the microsurgical anatomy of the Meckel cavity (trigeminal lumen) and its adjacent structures and to provide a morphological basis for microsurgical treatment of clinically relevant diseases. Methods Thirty-eight adult cadaver skulls were obtained from the adult. 30 of them were infused with red latex through the bilateral vertebral arteries. Meckel cavities and their adjacent structures were observed and measured with a surgical microscope (8 to 40 times). Results The Meckel cavity was surrounded by the dura and arachnoid covering the trigeminal nerve root and the trigeminal ganglion. The dural space was opened to clearly reveal the Meckel cavity and trigeminal ganglion branches. The depth of the upper cavity was 14 11 ± 1 45 mm and the depth of the inferior cavity 15 78 ± 165mm, width 12 15 ± 1 34mm and thickness 5 6 1 ± 0 5 5mm. The intracranial length of mandibular nerve was 455 ± 1 76mm, width 5 77 ± 1 67mm and thickness 1 49 ± 0 33mm . At the same time, the relationship between the adjacent cavernous sinus lateral wall of the outer layer, the petrous arachnoid, supraspinatus and the internal carotid artery horizontal section of the petrous bone anatomy. Conclusions Microscopic anatomy of Meckel’s cavity and adjacent structures, microsurgery of the mid-craniod concave epidural approach, microsurgery of the posterior fossa tumor invading the Meckel cavity, trigeminal neuralgia and imaging Inspection and other clinical guidance value.