乳腺癌是危害妇女健康的主要恶性肿瘤,自1894年美国Halsted倡用乳腺癌根治术治疗乳腺癌至今已100年,乳腺癌外科经历了根治术、扩大根治术、改良根治术、保留乳房手术等多个术式的变迁,决定手术方式的因素为肿瘤大小、临床分期、医师的习惯等。近20年来,欧美各国已将保乳手术作为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳癌的首选手术,摒弃了根治术。这种观念的改 Breast cancer is a major malignant tumor that endangers the health of women. Halsted has been practicing breast cancer for 100 years since 1894. Breast cancer surgery has undergone radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, breast conserving surgery, etc. Multiple surgical changes, the factors that determine the surgical approach for tumor size, clinical stage, physician’s habits. Nearly 20 years, Europe and the United States have breast-conserving surgery as the first and second-stage breast cancer surgery, abandoned the radical surgery. This concept of change