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目的了解学龄前儿童下呼吸道感染肺炎链球菌的流行病学特征及耐药性变迁情况,为临床诊断和治疗该菌感染提供依据。方法回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年12月自本院下呼吸道感染患儿分离的肺炎链球菌302例,利用WHONET 5.6软件分析药敏试验数据。结果肺炎链球菌的阳性率为9.1%,各年度感染肺炎链球菌患儿构成比呈逐年增加趋势,0岁~2岁患儿肺炎链球菌构成比显著高于其他年龄段,冬季构成比高于其他季节,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清学分型以19F为主,占65.7%,5年间肺炎链球菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率呈普遍增长趋势,对复方新诺明、克林霉素、红环素的总耐药率较高,分别为80.1%、73.8%、69.5%,未发现对万古霉素、氯霉素、利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。结论肺炎链球菌的感染率可能与年龄、季节等因素相关,血清学分型以19F为主,对临床常用抗生素的耐药率呈逐年上升趋势。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance changes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in preschool children with lower respiratory tract infection and to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the infection. Methods 302 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infection in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Susceptibility test data were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results The positive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 9.1%. The constituent ratio of S. pneumoniae was increased year by year. The constituent ratio of S. pneumoniae in children aged 0-2 years was significantly higher than that in other age groups, In other seasons, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Serotypes 19F-based, accounting for 65.7%, 5 years, Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly used antimicrobial resistance rates showed a general trend of increase, the compound cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, High, respectively, 80.1%, 73.8%, 69.5%, did not find vancomycin, chloramphenicol, linezolid resistance strains. Conclusions The infection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae may be related to age, season and other factors. The serological type is mainly 19F, and the rate of resistance to commonly used antibiotics in clinic is increasing year by year.