地球内部流体的存在和岩石各向异性是地下介质的两大表征 ,考虑地下流体和介质各向异性问题的双相各向异性理论是当今地震学和地球物理学理论与应用研究的前沿和难题之一 .孔隙流体的存在、固体和流体之间的相互作用会弱化或硬化岩石的力学属性 ,从而引起声波或弹性波速度的频散和振幅的衰减 ,并产生第二类压缩波 .裂缝或裂隙的定向分布、岩层的旋徊性沉积、应力场的定向排列 ,都会引起传播速度的各向异性、横波发生分裂等重要现象 ,这些特性在石油地震勘探、地震预测、岩石物理、动力学研究以及优化人类生存发展等方面具有重要意义和应用前景 .为此 ,本文讨论了双相各向异性理论研究对于解决地球科学问题中的重要性与必然性 ,介绍了当今双相各向异性研究的发展和主要成果 ,重点论述当前双相介质理论发展中的最新成果— BISQ模型 ,并就双相各向异性理论的应用前景、存在问题及某些观点进行了总结 . The existence and rock anisotropy of fluids in the Earth are the two major representations of the subterranean media. Biphasic anisotropy theory, which considers the anisotropy of subsurface fluid and medium, is the frontier and difficult problem in the theory and application of seismology and geophysics. The presence of pore fluid, the interaction between solid and fluid, weakens or hardens the mechanical properties of the rock, causing dispersion of the acoustic or elastic wave velocity and attenuation of the amplitude and producing a second type of compression wave. The directional distribution of fractures, the sedimentary sedimentation of strata, and the directional arrangement of stress fields will lead to the anisotropy of propagation velocity and the splitting of shear waves. These characteristics are important in petroleum seismic exploration, earthquake prediction, petrophysics, and dynamic study And optimization of human survival and development, etc. Therefore, this paper discusses the importance and necessity of the theory of Biphase anisotropy in solving the problems of Earth science, and introduces the development of the current research on Biphasic anisotropy And the main achievements, focusing on the latest achievements in the current development of two-phase media theory - BISQ model The application prospects, existing problems and some opinions of the theory of dual-phase anisotropy are summarized.