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[目的]主要研究播种量与追氮量互作对小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)生长发育、产量和品质的影响,探索小麦高产优质生产的播种量与追氮量的最优组合。[方法]试验设播种量和追氮量2个因素,施入的氮肥为尿素(N 46%),播种量分3个水平(60、120、180kg/hm2),追氮量分4个水平(0、56、112、168 kg/hm2),随机区组设计。[结果]追氮量相同时,播量增大,茎蘖数越多,叶面积指数越大,干物质积累越大。播量相同时,追氮量对茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累的影响较大,追氮量168 kg/hm2处理的茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累均高于对应播量的其他3个基追比例处理;不同播量条件下,追氮量对小麦各群体结构指标影响规律不一致,播量与追氮量之间存在互作效应。另外,播量、追氮量对小麦容重、蛋白质含量、出粉率均有显著影响,而对含水量影响不大;播量、追氮量对小麦面粉品质有一定影响。播量180 kg/hm2、追氮量168 kg/hm2时最有利于产量提高;播量120 kg/hm2、追氮量168 kg/hm2的籽粒品质协调且最优。[结论]播量、追氮量对小麦产量和品质的调控效应显著,且播量与追氮量之间存在互作效应。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of sowing rate and topdressing nitrogen on the growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) And explore the optimal combination of sowing rate and topdressing rate of wheat in high yield and good quality. [Method] Two factors of sowing rate and topdressing nitrogen amount were set up. Nitrogen fertilizer applied was urea (N 46%), sowing rate was 3 levels (60,120,180kg / hm2) and nitrogen level was 4 levels (0,56,112,168 kg / hm2), randomized block design. [Result] When the amount of nitrogen in the topdressing was the same, the sowing rate increased, the number of stem tillers increased, and the larger the leaf area index, the greater the dry matter accumulation. At the same sowing rate, the amount of topdressing nitrogen had a significant effect on stem tiller dynamics, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation. The tillering dynamics, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of 168 kg / hm2 topdressing were higher than that of corresponding sowing The other three basal-to-basi ratio treatments. Under different sowing rates, the effects of topdressing amount of nitrogen on the structural indexes of wheat were inconsistent. There was an interaction effect between seeding rate and nitrogen uptake. In addition, sowing amount and topdressing amount of nitrogen had a significant effect on the bulk density, protein content and flour yield of wheat, but had little effect on water content; sowing amount and topdressing amount of nitrogen had a certain impact on wheat flour quality. Seeding rate of 180 kg / hm2 and topdressing rate of 168 kg / hm2 were the most conducive to the increase of yield. The grain yield of 120 kg / hm2 and 168 kg / hm2 of topdressing nitrogen was the best and the best. [Conclusion] The effects of sowing and topdressing amount of nitrogen on the yield and quality of wheat were significant, and there was an interaction effect between sowing rate and topdressing nitrogen rate.