残余应力是机械或机械零件在制造过程中必然伴随的产物。诸如拉拔、挤压、轧制、校正、切削、磨削、滚压、喷丸、以及热加工的焊接、铸造,还有热处理的淬火、回火、渗氮等都会产生各不相同的残余应力。其中有些残余应力引起加工后零件尺寸变化、开裂,有些严重影响到材料的腐蚀、疲劳等机械性能。为此,研究残余应力对机械系统的影响,其意义就在于保证材料在应用过程中的可靠性,并且通过残余应力的调整,能动地利用残余应力, Residual stress is the mechanical or mechanical parts in the manufacturing process must accompany the product. Residuals such as quenching, tempering, nitriding, etc., such as drawing, pressing, rolling, correcting, cutting, grinding, rolling, shot peening, and hot working welding, casting, stress. Some of these residual stress caused by the size of the parts after processing, cracking, and some serious impact on material corrosion, fatigue and other mechanical properties. Therefore, to study the influence of residual stress on the mechanical system, its significance is to ensure the reliability of the material in the application process, and through the residual stress adjustment, the use of residual stress,