克莱斯特在德国文学史上是仅次于歌德和席勒的小说家、戏剧家,其剧作《破瓮记》如今也成为欧洲舞台上经演不衰的著名喜剧。本文从哲学和戏剧美学的角度,细致分析了这部喜剧的“回顾式”结构特点与复杂的戏剧冲突,以及它们对表现人物喜剧性格的作用。本文还从喜剧性的构成因素,分析了剧中主人公身上所体现的喜剧性的特点和原因,指出这部喜剧既刻画了当时普鲁士农村的现实主义图画,也体现了作为贵族阶级一员的作者思想上的局限性。 Kleist is second only to Goethe and Schiller’s novelist and dramatist in the history of German literature, and his play “The Urn” has now become an influential comedy on the European stage. From the perspective of philosophy and drama aesthetics, this thesis analyzes in detail the structural characteristics of “retrospective” and the complicated drama conflicts of this comedy and their effects on the performance of the comic personality. The article also analyzes the characteristics and causes of the comedy represented by the protagonist in the play from the comic compositional factors. It points out that this comedy not only portrays the realist pictures of the Prussian countryside at that time but also reflects the author as a member of the aristocracy Ideological limitations.