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日本把资本在1亿日元以下,从业人员在300人以下的企业,称为中小型企业。从六十年代开始,日本越来越重视中小企业的发展,特别是在产品的研究开发上,给中小企业以支持、扶植和改造,形成一个大中小企业紧密相联、相互依存的社会分工体制,日本称之谓“双重结构”。日本中小企业在国民经济中占的比重很大。据1981年《日本中小企业白皮书》介绍,日本中小企业占全国企业数的99.5％,职工占73.5％,产值占53.7％,出口额占16.3％。日本的大企业认为,市场需要日趋多样化,大企业不可能直接占领所有的生产
Japan has a capital of 100 million yen or less, and companies with less than 300 employees are called small and medium enterprises. Since the 1960s, Japan has paid more and more attention to the development of SMEs, especially in the research and development of products, supporting, supporting, and transforming SMEs and forming a system of social division of labor in which SMEs are closely linked and interdependent. Japan calls it “dual structure.” Japanese SMEs have a large share of the national economy. According to the 1981 White Paper for Japanese SMEs, Japanese SMEs account for 99.5% of the total number of companies in the country, 73.5% of employees, 53.7% of output value, and 16.3% of exports. Large Japanese companies believe that the market needs to be increasingly diversified, and it is impossible for big companies to directly occupy all production.