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目的调查山东省中部地区蔬菜大棚种植农民支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)发病率、相关危险因素、特殊棚内环境对哮喘的影响。方法于2007年5月至2009年5月对3150名蔬菜大棚种植者进行调查,计算哮喘发病率、高危因素、不同种类蔬菜种植、蔬菜不同生长期对哮喘的影响等。资料完整者2865人。结果共确诊哮喘患者75例,发病率2.6%,其中男性发病率2.0%,女性发病率3.3%。哮喘高危因素包括过敏史、吸烟史、从事大棚工作年限超过5年、入棚时间>4h/d、通风时间<2h/d、种植西红柿以及拔根打叶期、蔬菜盛果期等。结论从事蔬菜大棚种植者哮喘发病率高,与个体差异及蔬菜种植种类、蔬菜生长时期等因素有关,要注重对蔬菜大棚从业人员哮喘防护知识的评估。
Objective To investigate the incidence of bronchial asthma (shortened as asthma), the related risk factors and the influence of special shed environment on asthma in vegetable sheds in the central area of Shandong Province. Methods From May 2007 to May 2009, 3150 growers in vegetable greenhouses were surveyed to calculate the incidence of asthma, the risk factors, the effects of different types of vegetable cultivation and different growing stages of vegetables on asthma. 2865 people complete information. Results A total of 75 asthma patients were diagnosed, with a morbidity of 2.6%, of which 2.0% were in men and 3.3% in women. High risk factors for asthma include history of allergy and smoking, working in a greenhouse for more than 5 years, sheding time> 4h / d, ventilation time <2h / d, planting tomatoes and rooting leaves, vegetables and other fruits. Conclusion The incidence of asthma in vegetable greenhouses growers is high, which is related to individual differences, vegetable planting types and vegetable growing time. It is necessary to pay attention to evaluate the knowledge of asthma protection in greenhouses.